Urological cancers and lifestyle: Nudging patients toward healthy behaviors

Prevention of incident and progressive cancer diminishes health care costs and reduces treatment-associated morbidities. This Seminar series of Urologic Oncology explores one potential method of cancer prevention and treatment: lifestyle modification. In general, lifestyle recommendations for prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer mirror those for cardiovascular and global health: increased vegetable and fruit intakes; decreased red meat, saturated fat, and refined carbohydrate intakes; increased physical activity; smoking avoidance or cessation; and moderation of alcohol intake. The challenge lies in the design of actionable behavior-based therapies, which should minimize economic burdens for patients, promote standardized treatments, deliver efficient care to relatively large patient populations, and engage stakeholders. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.