Effect of natural phosphate content on the growth kinetics of hydroxyapatite crystals grown from kaolin clay

In the present study, the kinetics of hydroxyapatite formation in different kaolin-natural phosphate mixtures was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements. The XRD patterns revealed the presence of both kaolinite and hydroxyapatite phases in all of the mixtures and full dis-appearing of kaolinite phase in the heat-treated samples. According to the DTA curve results, both the peak temperature formation of hydroxyapatite and the relative fraction-transformed increased as the heating rate increased and the amount of phosphate in the mixture decreased. The activation energy of hydroxyapatite phenomenon was estimated using Kissinger and Ligero analytical methods. The obtained values of the activation energy were in the range of-196.5 and 210.6 kJ/mol. The growth morphology parameters n and m were both found to be near to half unity indicating that the surface nucleation with plate-like growth was dominant in hydroxyapatite formation controlled by diffusion.