Population genetics and relatedness in a critically endangered island raptor, Ridgway's Hawk Buteo ridgwayi

Many island avian populations are of conservation interest because they have a higher risk of extinction than mainland populations. Susceptibility of island birds to extinction is primarily related to human induced change through habitat loss, persecution, and introduction of exotic species, in combination with genetic factors. We used microsatellite profiles from 11 loci to assess genetic diversity and relatedness in the critically endangered hawk Buteo ridgwayi endemic to the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean. Using samples collected between 2005 and 2009, our results revealed a relatively high level of heterozygosity, evidence of a recent genetic bottleneck, and the occurrence of inbreeding within the population. Pair relatedness analysis found 4 of 7 sampled breeding pairs to be related similar to that of first cousin or greater. Pedigree estimates indicated that up to 18 % of potential pairings would be between individuals with relatedness values similar to that of half-sibling. We discuss our findings in the context of conservation genetic management suggesting both carefully managed translocations and the initiation of a captive population as a safeguard of the remaining genetic diversity.