Prospective Analysis of the Impact of Commercialized Hybrid Closed-Loop System on Glycemic Control, Glycemic Variability, and Patient-Related Outcomes in Children and Adults: A Focus on Superiority Over Predictive Low-Glucose Suspend Technology

Background:Automatization of insulin delivery by closed-loop systems represents a major step in type 1 diabetes management. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the commercialized hybrid closed-loop system, the MiniMed 670G system, on glycemic control, glycemic variability, and patient satisfaction. Methods:A prospective study, including type 1 diabetes patients consecutively starting on the 670G system in one adult and two pediatric hospitals, was performed. Baseline and 3-month visits were documented. Two weeks of data from the system were downloaded. Glycemic variability measures were calculated. Adults and adolescents completed a set of questionnaires (Gold and Clarke scores, Hypoglycemia Fear Survey, Diabetes Quality of Life [DQoL], Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction [DTS], Diabetes Distress Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Results:Fifty-eight patients were included (age: 28 +/- 15 years [7-63], n = 22], 59% [n = 34] females, previous use of SAP-PLGS [predictive low-glucose suspend]: 60% [n = 35]). HbA1c was reduced from 57 +/- 10 to 53 +/- 7 mmol/L (7.4% +/- 0.9% to 7.0% +/- 0.6%) (P < 0.001) and time in range 70-180 mg/dL was increased from 63.0% +/- 11.4% to 72.7% +/- 8.7% (P < 0.001). In patients with high baseline hypoglycemia risk, time <54 and <70 mg/dL were reduced from 0.9% +/- 1.1% to 0.45% +/- 0.7% (P = 0.021) and from 3.3% +/- 2.8% to 2.1% +/- 2.1% (P = 0.019), respectively. Glycemic variability measures improved. Time in auto mode was 85% +/- 17%, the number of auto mode exits was 0.6 +/- 0.3 per day, and the number of alarms was 8.5 +/- 3.7 per day. Fear of hypoglycemia, DQoL, DTS, and diabetes distress improved, while the percentage of patients with poor sleep quality was reduced. The discontinuation rate was 3%. Conclusion:The commercialized hybrid closed-loop system improves glycemic control and glycemic variability in children and adults, reducing the burden of living with type 1 diabetes.