Assessment of West Liaohe River Basin's Ecological Vulnerability and Temporal-Spatial Distribution based on Landscape Pattern

West Liaohe River Basin, which is known as a typical ecological vulnerable district of Northeast China, is taken as a case study in this paper. By collecting 3 period Landsat TM image of 1992,2002 and 2012, the landscape pattern figure is interpreted. Landscape sensitivity index and landscape adaptability index were selected to calculate ecological vulnerabillity index. We analysed landscape pattern, vulnerable degrees spatio-temporal distribution and vulnerable degrees spatio-temporal changes features. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) Landscape was dominated by farmland and woodland, and by the rapid economic development of human society, the building land in the study area increased rapidly, while there was a decreasing trend in the waters, woodland and desertified land; (2) The West Liaohe River basin vulnerability overall has a downward trend. The high vulnerability and high vulnerability areas transferred from Southwest mountainous area of Chifeng City to the area around Tongliao city. In recent years these areas gather to naiman banner and Wengniute Banner, Inner Mongolia;(3) vulnerability changes area is distributed over the rapid economic development of Tongliao City around in the fist 10 years, and the rapid rise is very fragile. And there is a rapid decline in nearly 10 years. The results are significant to guide the ecological management in this area.