The genus Anomalocomis Carvalho & Wygodzinsky 1945 (Heteroptera : Miridae : Phylinae), taxonomical revision, description of a new species and affinities with Neotropical palms. The neotropical genus Anomalocomis Carvalho & Wygodzinsky 1945, is revised. The males of the species A. geijskesi Carvalho & Wygodzinsky 1945, A. arias! Carvalho 1982, A. tucuruiensis Carvalho 1984, A. rondoniensis Carvalho 1984, A. couturier! Carvalho & Costa 1993 and A. peyreti Couturier & Costa 2002 are redescribed, their females and a new species of Colombia, A. gentyi n. sp. are described. They are distinguished by the size, colour of the body, morphology and colour of the male antenal segments I and II and by the genital structures. The different species are known from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Surinam. All the species, except A. arias!, of which host is unknown, live on palm inflorescences.