Integration of Smart Grid Technologies for Voltage Regulation in Low Voltage Distribution Grids

Integration of distributed generation (DG) units, energy storage devices and new loads into the distribution grids introduces new challenges such as voltage rise problems and overloading of grid assets. Currently, distribution network operators increase the grid hosting capacity by traditional grid reinforcement measures to deal with these challenges. However, smart grid technologies can be an alternative option to solve grids problems to a certain extent. Therefore, reliable algorithms for the integration and coordination of smart grid technologies are needed. In this paper, two algorithms for centralized voltage control (CVC) in low voltage (LV) distribution grids with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) units are presented. In particular, the effects of regulation of on-load tap changer transformers (OLTCs) and low voltage feeder interfaces via back-to-back (B2B) converters are considered. The applicability of the proposed methods is demonstrated by means of steady-state simulation of a low voltage grid using time series of loads and PV units.