Democratic Governance and Political Development in Africa

Once a continent dominated by closed political systems, democratic political institutions are now common in many African countries-albeit with challenges. As we begin a new decade, it becomes imperative to take stock of Africa's democratic journey thus far. Drawing on public opinion surveys and secondary sources, this paper discusses significant democratic progress and challenges, as well as highlights key areas that require urgent attention if the gains are to be consolidated and further democratic recession prevented. The available evidence points to a continent-wide consensus in favour of democracy. At the same time, however, the continent is riddled with myriad challenges, including 'big-man' politics, weak or ineffective institutions, corruption and election violence. I emphasise the need for meaningful democratic processes that go beyond strengthening political institutions to include securing socioeconomic rights and ensuring active citizens' engagement in the political system.