Co-simulation of a Two Area Power System Using an Adaptive Macro Step Size Method Based on Richardson Extrapolation

Co-simulation plays an important role in the analysis and testing of novel protection and control systems in low-inertia power systems and Smart Energy scenarios. These scenarios are increasing in complexity and heterogeneity, where systems that used to be analyzed in isolation are being integrated into a system of systems. With incremental methodologies for scenario development, the incorporation of new subsystems into existing co-simulation scenarios can degrade performance indicators such as numerical accuracy and real-time execution. Starting from a two-area power system co-simulation with primary control only, we show the impact of incorporating an Automatic Generation Control (AGC) as an additional subsystem using an adaptive step size method based on Richardson Extrapolation. Simulation results show how the closed-loop dynamics change with the AGC, in terms of the number of step sizes required for completing the simulation while maintaining the global error below a predefined tolerance.