Adaptations to cursoriality and digit reduction in the forelimb of the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)
被引:14
|
作者:
Smith, Heather F.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Midwestern Univ, Coll Grad Studies, Dept Anat, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
Midwestern Univ, Arizona Coll Osteopath Med, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
Midwestern Univ, Coll Vet Med, Glendale, AZ 85308 USAMidwestern Univ, Coll Grad Studies, Dept Anat, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
Smith, Heather F.
[1
,2
,3
,4
]
Adrian, Brent
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Midwestern Univ, Coll Grad Studies, Dept Anat, Glendale, AZ 85308 USAMidwestern Univ, Coll Grad Studies, Dept Anat, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
Adrian, Brent
[1
]
Koshy, Rahul
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Midwestern Univ, Arizona Coll Osteopath Med, Glendale, AZ 85308 USAMidwestern Univ, Coll Grad Studies, Dept Anat, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
Koshy, Rahul
[3
]
Alwiel, Ryan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Midwestern Univ, Coll Vet Med, Glendale, AZ 85308 USAMidwestern Univ, Coll Grad Studies, Dept Anat, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
Alwiel, Ryan
[4
]
Grossman, Aryeh
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Midwestern Univ, Coll Grad Studies, Dept Anat, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
Midwestern Univ, Arizona Coll Osteopath Med, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
Midwestern Univ, Coll Vet Med, Glendale, AZ 85308 USAMidwestern Univ, Coll Grad Studies, Dept Anat, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
Grossman, Aryeh
[1
,3
,4
]
机构:
[1] Midwestern Univ, Coll Grad Studies, Dept Anat, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
[2] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
[3] Midwestern Univ, Arizona Coll Osteopath Med, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
[4] Midwestern Univ, Coll Vet Med, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
Background: The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), an endangered canid native to southern and eastern Africa, is distinct among canids in being described as entirely tetradactyl and in its nomadic lifestyle and use of exhaustive predation to capture its prey instead of speed, strength, or stealth. These behavioral and morphological traits suggest a potentially unique set of adaptations. Methods: Here, we dissected the forelimbs of an adult male L. pictus specimen and performed detailed descriptions and quantitative analyses of the musculoskeletal anatomy. Results: Statistical comparisons of muscle masses and volumes revealed that L. pictus has relatively smaller wrist rotators (mm. pronator teres, pronator quadratus, supinator) than any other included carnivoran taxon, suggesting adaptive pressures for antebrachial stability over rotatory movement in the carpus of L. pictus. While a complete digit I is absent in L. pictus, a vestigial first metacarpal was discovered, resulting in changes to insertions of mm. extensor digiti I et II, abductor (et opponens ) digiti I and flexor digiti I brevis. Mm. anconeus, brachialis and flexor carpi ulnaris caput ulnare all have more extensive origins in L. pictus than other canids suggesting an emphasis on posture and elbow stability. M. triceps brachii caput laterale has a larger origin in L. pictus and m. triceps brachii caput longum has an additional accessory head. Electromyographic studies have shown this muscle is active during the stance phase of trotting and galloping and is important for storing elastic energy during locomotion. We interpret these differences in size and attachments of muscles in L. pictus as adaptations for long distance running in this highly cursorial species, likely important for exhaustive predation. Absence of a full digit I in L. pictus may increase speed and stride length; however, the retention of a vestigial digit permits the attachment of reduced pollical muscles which may provide additional stability an d proprioception to the carpus.
机构:
Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA
Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA
Univ Pretoria, Ctr Wildlife Management, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South AfricaSmithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA
Spiering, Penny A.
Somers, Michael J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pretoria, Ctr Wildlife Management, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa
Univ Pretoria, Ctr Invas Biol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South AfricaSmithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA
Somers, Michael J.
Maldonado, Jesus E.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USASmithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA
Maldonado, Jesus E.
Wildt, David E.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USASmithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA
Wildt, David E.
Gunther, Micaela Szykman
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA
Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USASmithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA
机构:
Smithsonian Natl Zoo & Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USASmithsonian Natl Zoo & Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA
Hartzler, Kate E.
McCartney, Chiara
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Smithsonian Natl Zoo & Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USASmithsonian Natl Zoo & Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA
McCartney, Chiara
Songsasen, Nucharin
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Smithsonian Natl Zoo & Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USASmithsonian Natl Zoo & Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA
Songsasen, Nucharin
Nagashima, Jennifer B.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Smithsonian Natl Zoo & Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USASmithsonian Natl Zoo & Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA