Robust Learning-Based Predictive Control for Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems With Unknown Dynamics and State Constraints

Robust model predictive control (MPC) is a well-known control technique for model-based control with constraints and uncertainties. In classic robust tube-based MPC approaches, an open-loop control sequence is computed via periodically solving an online nominal MPC problem, which requires prior model information and frequent access to onboard computational resources. In this article, we propose an efficient robust MPC solution based on receding horizon reinforcement learning, called r-LPC, for unknown nonlinear systems with state constraints and disturbances. The proposed r-LPC utilizes a Koopman operator-based prediction model obtained offline from precollected input-output datasets. Unlike classic tube-based MPC, in each prediction time interval of r-LPC, we use an actor-critic structure to learn a near-optimal feedback control policy rather than a control sequence. The resulting closed-loop control policy can be learned offline and deployed online or learned online in an asynchronous way. In the latter case, online learning can be activated whenever necessary; for instance, the safety constraint is violated with the deployed policy. The closed-loop recursive feasibility, robustness, and asymptotic stability are proven under function approximation errors of the actor-critic networks. Simulation and experimental results on two nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics and disturbances have demonstrated that our approach has better or comparable performance when compared with tube-based MPC and linear quadratic regulator, and outperforms a recently developed actor-critic learning approach.