Certified high-efficiency "large-area"perovskite solar module for Fresnel lens-based concentrated photovoltaics

The future of energy generation is well in tune with the critical needs of the global economy, leading to more green innovations and emissions-abatement technologies. Introducing concentrated photovoltaics (CPVs) is one of the most promising technologies owing to its high photo-conversion efficiency. Although most researchers use silicon and cadmium telluride for CPV, we investigate the potential in nascent technologies, such as perovskite solar cell (PSC). This work constitutes a preliminary investigation into a ''large-area'' PSC module under a Fresnel lens (FL) with a ''refractive optical concentrator-silicon-on-glass'' base to minimize the PV performance and scalability trade-off concerning the PSCs. The FL-PSC system measured the solar current-voltage characteristics in variable lens-tocell distances and illuminations. The PSC module temperature was systematically studied using the COMSOL transient heat transfer mechanism. The FL-based technique for ''large-area'' PSC architectures is a promising technology that further facilitates the potential for commercialization.