Molecular classification of endometrial cancer

The dualistic subtyping propagated by Bokhman et al. provided the foundation for the prediction of endometrial cancer for several decades; however, over the years it has exhibited uncertainties in terms of tumor cell graduation and overall survival of patients. Molecular analyses identified the new subgroups POLE ultramutated, mismatch repair deficient (MMRd), p53 mutated, and endometrial cancer with an unspecific molecular profile. The predictive evidence of the molecular subgroups was confirmed by several studies and is significantly superior to the model published by Bokhman et al. In the present review article, the typing of endometrioid adenocarcinomas and the associated molecular pathological background are described based on five histopathological case examples from routine diagnostics. Furthermore, the last case report describes a subtype not yet included in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of female genital tumors.