Classification Model for Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis based on K-Means Clustering Algorithm Optimized with Bat Algorithm

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by abnormal glucose homeostasis resulting in an increase in blood sugar. According to data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Indonesia ranks 7th out of 10 countries with the highest number of diabetes mellitus patients in the world. The prevalence of patients with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia reaches 11.3 percent or there are 10.7 million sufferers in 2019. Prevention, risk analysis and early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus are necessary to reduce the impact of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The clustering algorithm is one of methods that can be used to diagnose and analyze the risk of diabetes mellitus. The K-mean Clustering Algorithm is the most commonly used clustering algorithm because it is easy to implement and run, computation time is fast and easy to adapt. However, this method often gets to be stuck at the local optima. The problem of the K -means Clustering Algorithm can be solved by combining the K -means Clustering algorithm with the global optimization algorithm. This algorithm has the ability to find the global optimum from many local optimums, does not require derivatives, is robust, easy to implement. The Bat Algorithm (BA) is one of global optimization methods in swarm intelligence class. BA uses automated enlargement techniques into a solution and it's accompanied by a shift from exploration mode to local intensive exploitation. Based on the background that has been explained, this article proposes the development of a classification model for diagnosing diabetes mellitus based on the K-means clustering algorithm optimized with BA. The experimental results show that the K-means clustering optimized by BA has better performance than K-means clustering in all metrics evaluations, but the computational time of the K-means clustering optimized by BA is higher than K-means clustering.