Innovative methodology for estimating Mountain-Front Recharge in data-scarce regions: A case study in Mexico City

Despite the critical role mountainous regions play in the hydrological cycle, the scarcity of subsurface hydrogeological data hampers accurate estimations of mountain -front recharge (MFR) and its components. This research proposes a cost-effective and replicable methodology for the preliminary estimation of MFR components in conditions of data scarcity. The proposed methodology, encompassing three phases, involves developing a hydrological conceptual model, creating a rainfall -runoff model, and estimating MFR values and their components (surface mountain -front recharge and mountain -block recharge); it enhances understanding of hydrologic processes in mountain zones by interpreting relationships among precipitation, altitude, and geology, influencing variations in recharge and water table position. A key contribution is the methodology's replicability in any mountainous area, even in the absence of detailed information, such as in protected natural areas. A case study is presented by estimating MFR in the Conservation Area of Mexico City (officially known as Suelo de Conservaci ' on), composed by the mountain ranges of Sierra de las Cruces and Chichinautzin Volcanic Field. The results emphasize the distinct distribution of MFR components and water table position in the two mountain regions, suggesting a need for a tailored approach to water management in the basin. The proposed methodology is cost-effective to understand the water dynamics in data -scarce regions, contributing to mountain -front recharge management.