Alternative Strategies for Effective Utilization of Carbon Dioxide in Dimethyl Ether Synthesis

Converting CO2 into chemicals, e.g., methanol and dimethyl ether (DME), has been an attractive way to protect the global environment. In this process, the total catalyst volume of the methanol reactor was split into two sections to load the reactors. The catalyst volume of each reactor was optimized by the differential evolution technique. It was concluded that the indirect route yields a higher DME production rate than the direct one, as it produces higher amounts of methanol. CO2 conversions increased by 79 % in the indirect two-stage process, which resulted in the highest DME production rate of 343 t per day. The results demonstrate how the concept of a two-stage process in the indirect conversion of CO2 is feasible and beneficial for fuel production.