Impact of In3+doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles prepared by direct combustion method: structural, elemental, optical, vibrational, morphology and magnetic studies

Multiferroic materials of indium-doped bismuth ferrite have been synthesized by the direct combustion method. X-ray diffraction of BiFeO3 and In3+-doped BiFeO3 samples revealed the rhombohedral structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses were determined to determine the prepared samples' chemical elements and oxidation states. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra confirm the presence of a functional group in the synthesis of nanoparticles. The field emission-scanning electron microscopic images showed homogeneous grain morphology. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectra demonstrate the presence of Fe, O, In, and Bi elements in the prepared materials. The optical properties from the ultraviolet-visible spectra revealed increasing band gap values as well as In3+ concentration. The hysteresis confirms that all the prepared InxBi1-xFeO3 samples showed ferromagnetic behavior in nature.