Geomorphic factors influencing the spatial distribution of eroded Chernozems in automated digital soil erosion mapping

Among the factors influencing the intensity of soil erosion by water, the relief sets the basic conditions for the occurrence of erosion-sedimentation processes: the geometry of the contact surface with water runoff and its primary spatial characteristics. We developed a model that describes the categories of the intensity of soil erosion by water only by geomorphic parameters using a DEM. The study was conducted in arable soils in the southeastern part of the Central Russian Upland, namely, typical Chernozems (TCh) in the forest-steppe zone and ordinary Chernozems (OCh) of the northern steppe of the temperate climate zone. Based on 1146 ground soilerosion survey points, the relationship between the category of soil erosion intensity and terrain parameters (slope steepness, slope length and exposure, topographic position index, and slope profile curvature, etc.) was analyzed. The results of the revealed dependencies for the studied soils made it possible to develop prognostic models using ordinal logistic regression with an assessment of their accuracy. It was found that the model for OCh soils shows in all parameters a stronger relationship between geomorphic factors and the category of soil erosion intensity than the model for TCh soils. The regression model for OCh exceeds the model for TCh by 12 % in overall accuracy. For both soils, eroded areas are determined with much less accuracy (50-60 %) than noneroded areas (80-95 %). Based on the modeling results, maps of soil erosion by water were constructed, where belonging to the category of soil erosion intensity was determined by the maximum probability. It is also shown that soil erosion intensity modeling based only on a set of geomorphic predictors is not inferior in accuracy to the conventional visual-expert cartographic method and can be a more objective and efficient alternative in automated digital soil erosion mapping.