Stakeholder perceptions of managing an emergent tourist destination: the Fagradalsfjall volcanic eruption in Iceland

The 2021 volcanic eruption at Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, provides a case study for examining an active collaboration between stakeholders in the development of an emergent volcanic site into a tourism destination from its inception. Stakeholders for this research include municipal actors and representatives; landowners; commercial tour companies and operators; the Federal Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, civil protection, and search and rescue. These stakeholder perceptions of the management process are analyzed within a responsible and sustainable tourism framework by a constant comparative method of interview text. The results bring to light issues deemed important during the site management and destination development process around concepts of authority, responsibility, safety, funding, and access. According to stakeholders, the management of the emergent Fagradalsfjall destination while positively perceived initially has gaps surrounding ongoing sustainable and responsible management that could have impacts on the participation of various stakeholder groups in the destination's ongoing development. This research has implications for other emergent volcanic tourist sites in Iceland and beyond.