Distributed Adaptive Robust Restoration Scheme of Cyber-Physical Active Distribution System With Voltage Control

The increasing penetration of distributed generators (DGs) and the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICTs) will facilitate the transformation of the traditional passive distribution network towards a cyber-physical active distribution system (CPADS). With the increasing risks of extreme events, such as natural disasters (e.g., flooding) and cyber-physical attacks, it is critical forCPADSto formulate a restoration scheme to improve its resilience. Therefore, in this paper, a distributed adaptive robust restoration schemewith voltage/var control is presented to cope with the high-impact but low-frequency events. First, a detailed cyber-physical system model is established, including the dynamic routing and the quality-of-services (QoS) in both optical fiber networks and 5G wireless networks. Then, the interactions between the cyber system and the physical system are analyzed. Based on the cyber-physical system model, a two-stage restoration scheme with voltage/var control is proposed by coordinately scheduling different network assets in day-ahead and in real-time. The formulated problem is solved by adaptive robust optimization (ARO). To further enhance the resilience of the CPADS, a distributed restoration framework is proposed. The distributed problem is solved by the alternating directionmethod of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm, and the convergence of the discrete problem is ensured by introducing the alternating optimization procedure (AOP). Considering the cyber faults, a boundary variable compensation and residual relaxation mechanism is proposed in ADMM. The proposed framework and methodology are verified in the case study. The convergence and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm are verified. Compared with the state-of-art works, the advantages in load restoration capability of the proposed method are shown.