Substance-Induced Psychosis: a Narrative Review

Purpose of ReviewNovel integrative reviews that give detail information regarding various psychoactive substances (PS) with ability of inducing psychosis in adults are lacking. This review aims to scope the latest knowledge about substance-induced psychosis (SIP) through the comprehensive review of the most common misused PS inducing psychosis.Recent FindingsEpidemiological data on the prevalence of SIP are insufficiently harmonized, so clear conclusions for most PS can not be drawn. Etiological mechanisms include three pathophysiological mechanisms: the modulation of GABA transmission, NMDA antagonism, and effects on the monoaminergic system. Beside positive symptoms, PS may induce negative and cognitive symptoms. There are no uniform therapeutic guidelines for specific SIP, but some antipsychotics appear to be more effective than others. It is likely that the conversion rate of SIP to schizophrenia may be higher in the future because novel PS with a higher psychotic potential are increasingly being consumed.SummaryThis review presents epidemiological data, etiological mechanisms, details of clinical pictures, and treatment options for psychoses induced by specific PS.