The third volume of the series Das Baltikum. Geschichte einer europtiischen Region saw the light of the day after ten years of research. The whole project is dedicated to the history of the Baltic region during the last 100 years of history and has been headed by the "Nord Ost Institute", which is a well-known, highly qualified and authoritative institution of German culture and history in The project was run by a good team of multinational scientists, consisting of German, Russian, Lithuanian, Estonian and Latvian historians well-known in various fields of 20th century Baltic states history. Therefore, the authors were able to provide views from different perspectives about the Baltic region in terms of definitions, historiographical traditions, methodological paradigms and variety of topics, beginning with the introduction of highly modern concepts of space and imagination of the Baltic region from the perspective of Imperial, Soviet and post-Cold War Russia, the national states of Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Germany, the European Union (EU), NATO or some projects never realized, while they did not include formats of close partnership between the At the same time, the volume explains important challenges of selfidentification of the Baltic states, which rose after regaining independence in 1991 and result from the dualism of their orientation between the Nordic States and Central Eastern Europe. The volume provides political, economic and cultural characteristics of all three Baltic states, reveals their similarities via a spectrum of political parties and elections, carrying out military coups