Discussion on the Optimization Method of Public Service Facility Layout from the Perspective of Spatial Equity: A Study Based on the Central City of Shanghai

Equity is one of the fundamental principles in the planning of public service facilities. In recent years, many cities have started to promote the construction of 15 min community living circles with the aim of providing residents with more equitable access to basic public services. Based on this background, this study explores an equity-oriented spatial quantitative analysis method to assist in the planning of public service facility layouts. The node centrality measurement index, such as betweenness from spatial syntax and social network analysis is introduced into the analysis method in order to consider the potential activity paths and flows of people at the community scale. Selecting the central city of Shanghai as a case study, the research presents results regarding spatial equity based on the relationship between public service demand and public service facilities supply. Building on this foundation, various approaches to enhancing equity are discussed: (1) optimizing the layout of public service facilities; (2) optimizing residential spatial patterns; and (3) optimizing pedestrian transportation networks.