A novel cluster-based routing protocol for WSN-enabled IoT using water-cycle algorithm

The Internet of Things (IoT) creates an environment where things are permitted to act, hear, listen, and talk. IoT items can be anything, from simple sensors to smart devices, that can exchange information with or without human intervention. Although wireless knots have positive effects, their use poses some challenges. The main concern with this technology is the limited availability of resources, including storage, processing power, and energy. Among all the challenges, energy Using up poses the most significant challenge. A common method of addressing this issue is to design optimal routing patterns using exploratory methods. This article offers an algorithm for clustering dense, randomly distributed, and heterogeneous IoT networks based on the Water-Cycle Algorithm called CC-WCA. Clustering and Software-defined networking (SDN) are combined with the WCA algorithm to achieve enhanced efficiency. Model results indicate that CC-WCA performs better than previous methods regarding energy using up, throughput, and lattice longevity.