Civil society space is constantly shifting, either negatively (e.g., shrinking, narrowing) or positively (e.g., expanding). These shifts are predominantly attributed to actions by central government actors, such as the implementation and enforcement of laws. Emergent work, however, also recognizes that in the context of the Global South, the international community can take actions to shrink or expand civil society space. Recently, Ghana in West Africa-known for its democratic stability-has introduced significant legislative and administrative reforms aimed at regulating the NGO sector. We interview 20 Ghanaian service-providing NGOs to explore perceived shifts in civil society space and the impacts of these shifts, as well as strategies service-providing NGOs are employing in response to shifting civic space. Findings identify perceived shifts in civic space caused by international actors and the Ghanaian government, as well as strategies for combating and mitigating shifting space.
