Creating anti-slip properties in porcelain floor tiles by recycling alumina rollers from tile kilns

Having flooring tiles with good slip resistance is essential in avoiding accidents and injuries. This study achieved the anti-slip property by incorporating recycled aluminum rollers into the glaze composition while maintaining all the tile's standard properties. This process reduces environmental pollution and adds value by reusing scraps. The effect of grain sizes of crushed rollers and their optimum amount on the slip resistance was investigated.The anti-slip property was tested using a friction-measuring pendulum based on the EN 13036-4 standard. Also, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscope (SEM), and dilatometry were utilized to investigate the samples. The results showed that the pendulum test value is smaller than 18 degrees (equivalent to R9), with a high slip potential in the usual tile. The angle in the tile reached higher than 36 degrees (equivalent to R11) by adding 10 wt% scrap roller to the base glaze, which means low slip potential; consequently, the possibility of slipping decreased from 1/20 to 1/100000. Also, their slip potential remains the same by getting the tiles wet.