Association of CDKAL1 gene polymorphism (rs10946398) with gestational diabetes mellitus in Pakistani population

Background CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1 like 1 (CDKAL1) encodes a tRNA modifying enzyme involved in the proper protein translation and regulation of insulin production encoded by the CDKL gene. Sequence variations in the CDKAL1 gene lead to the misreading of the Lys codon in proinsulin, resulting in decreased glucose-stimulated proinsulin production. Various polymorphic sequence variants of the CDKAL1 gene such as rs7754840, rs7756992, rs9465871, and rs10946398 are reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence. One of these single nucleotide polymorphisms i.e., rs10946398 has been reported to impact the risk of GDM and its outcomes in pregnant women of different ethnicities i.e., Egypt, Chinese, Korean, Indian, Arab, and Malaysian. Numerous findings have shown that rs10946398 overturns the regulation of CDKAL1 expression, resulting in decreased insulin production and elevated risk of GDM. However, there is no data regarding rs10946398 genotype association with GDM incidence in our population. Methodology In this study, 47 GDM patients and 40 age-matched controls were genotyped for rs10946398 CDKAL1 variant using Tetra primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra ARMS-PCR). Results Analysis of the results showed the significant association of the C allele of CDKAL1 SNP rs10946398 (chi(2) = 0.02 p = 0.001) with the risk of GDM development. Conclusively, the results support the role of SNP i.e., rs10946398 of CDKAL1 gene in GDM development in Pakistani female patients. However, future large-scale studies are needed to functionally authenticate the role of variant genotypes in the disease pathogenesis and progression.