Halloysite nanotubes for food packaging application: A review

Halloysite nanotube (Hal) is an alumina silicate-based multilayer nanoclay with a large surface area and a unique hollow tubular structure. It has abilities to improve the overall performance of the packaging material, including physical stability, mechanical strength, optical characteristics, thermal and rheological behaviors, barriers to moisture and gases, and improving the active functions of the biopolymers. In this review the authors aimed to provide a broad perspective on the various food packaging applications established for Hal, specifically ethylene scavengers, antimicrobial materials carriers, and fillers for packaging material. Effects of Hal on the mechanical, thermal, microstructural, functional, biodegradable, and barrier properties of biopolymers were reviewed thoroughly. It covered various incorporation techniques for Hal into the polymer matrix. This review also pro-vides information about application concerns including migration of Hal, toxicity, consumer health aspects, and the future perspective of Hal's application in developing biodegradable-based food packaging solutions. None-theless, the other potential food applications covered by Hal are flourishing as they are non-toxic materials documented by various organizations.