Finite element simulation of multilayer model to simulate fine needle insertion mechanism into iliac crest for bone marrow biopsy

The main aim of this work is to use a finite element technique (FEM) to gain understanding about the bone marrow biopsy (BMB) needle insertion process and needle-tissue interactions in the human iliac crest. A multi-layer iliac crest model consists of stratum corneum, dermis, epidermis, hypodermis, cortical, and cancellous bone has been established. This paper proposes a FE model that examines all phases of tissue deformation, including puncture, cutting, needle-tissue interaction, and various stress-strain values for BMB needle during interaction. The results explain the needle-tissue interface and show the potential of this technique to estimate bone damage and tissue deformation for multiple needle dimensions, coefficient of friction, and penetration speeds. The insertion and extraction force of conical-shaped needles in the multi-layered iliac crest model decreased by 18.92% and 37.5%, respectively, as the needle diameter reduced from 11 G to 20 G. It has also been found that the significant insertion motion raises the deformation of the tissue due to the augmented frictional forces but reduces the strain perpendicular to the penetration direction closer to the needle tip. The simulation outcomes are helpful for the optimal design of fine biopsy needles used to perform the bone marrow biopsies.