Diagnostic Role of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Musculoskeletal Oncology: A Literature Review

Purpose of ReviewThis review aims to consolidate knowledge and recent research findings related to the potential clinical applications of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for the identification and characterization of bone lesions. The purpose is to explore the advantages of DECT over traditional imaging techniques in musculoskeletal radiology, particularly in the context of oncologic care for cancer patients.Recent FindingsDECT has emerged as a state-of-the-art imaging technique that offers significant benefits in the detection and assessment of skeletal lesions. It provides improved sensitivity in identifying hidden lesions, including metastatic ones that are often concealed within the marrow space. DECT's advanced technology enables material decomposition and color-coded overlays, allowing for the differentiation of various types of soft tissue mineralization and the evaluation of bone marrow edema and infiltrative skeletal neoplasms. Furthermore, DECT can aid in distinguishing between malignant and benign skeletal lesions, providing valuable diagnostic information for treatment planning and patient care.SummaryDual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is a promising tool in musculoskeletal radiology, particularly for oncologic care and disease staging in cancer patients. DECT's ability to differentiate, enhance, or suppress various types of tissues through material decomposition and spectral data analysis makes it a valuable imaging technique for identifying and characterizing bone lesions. With its advanced technology, DECT offers improved sensitivity in detecting hidden lesions and provides valuable diagnostic information without increasing radiation exposure. By addressing the limitations of other imaging modalities, DECT has the potential to enhance patient care and improve outcomes in the field of musculoskeletal radiology.