The chemicals between us-First results of the cluster analyses on anatomy embalming procedures in the German-speaking countries

被引：3

作者：

Kerner, Alexander Michael ^{[1
]}

Biedermann, Uta ^{[3
]}

Braeuer, Lars ^{[4
]}

Caspers, Svenja ^{[5
,6
]}

Doll, Sara ^{[7
]}

Engelhardt, Maren ^{[8
]}

Filler, Timm J. ^{[5
,6
]}

Ghebremedhin, Estifanos ^{[9
]}

Gundlach, Stefanie ^{[10
]}

Hayn-Leichsenring, Gregor U. ^{[3
]}

Heermann, Stephan ^{[11
]}

Hettwer-Steeger, Ingrid ^{[12
]}

Hiepe, Laura ^{[13
]}

Hirt, Bernhard ^{[14
]}

Hirtler, Lena ^{[15
]}

Hoermann, Romed ^{[16
]}

Kulisch, Christoph ^{[17
]}

Lange, Tobias ^{[3
,18
]}

Leube, Rudolf ^{[19
]}

Meuser, Annika Hela ^{[1
]}

Mueller-Gerbl, Magdalena ^{[20
]}

Nassenstein, Christina ^{[21
]}

Neckel, Peter H. ^{[14
]}

Nimtschke, Ute ^{[22
]}

Paulsen, Friedrich ^{[4
]}

Prescher, Andreas ^{[19
]}

Pretterklieber, Michael ^{[1
]}

Schliwa, Stefanie ^{[23
]}

Schmidt, Katja ^{[24
]}

Schmiedl, Andreas ^{[25
]}

Schomerus, Christof ^{[9
]}

Schulze-Tanzil, Gundula ^{[26
]}

Schumacher, Udo ^{[2
,18
]}

Schumann, Sven ^{[27
]}

Spindler, Volker ^{[20
]}

Streicher, Johannes ^{[28
]}

Tschernig, Thomas ^{[29
]}

Unverzagt, Axel ^{[30
]}

Valentiner, Ursula ^{[18
]}

Viebahn, Christoph ^{[12
]}

Wedel, Thilo ^{[10
]}

Weigner, Janet ^{[31
]}

Weninger, Wolfgang W. ^{[15
]}

Westermann, Juergen ^{[32
]}

Weyers, Imke ^{[32
]}

Waschke, Jens ^{[30
]}

Hammer, Niels ^{[1
,33
,34
]}

机构：

[1] Med Univ Graz, Gottfried Schatz Res Ctr, Div Macroscop & Clin Anat, Auenbruggerpl 25, Graz, Austria

[2] Med Sch Berlin, Berlin, Germany

[3] Univ Hosp Jena, Inst Anat 1, Jena, Germany

[4] Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Funct & Clin Anat, Erlangen, Germany

[5] Heinrich Heine Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Anat 1, Med Fac, Dusseldorf, Germany

[6] Heinrich Heine Univ Dusseldorf, Univ Hosp Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany

[7] Heidelberg Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Heidelberg, Germany

[8] Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Anat & Cell Biol, Linz, Austria

[9] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Anat, Frankfurt, Germany

[10] Christian Albrechts Univ Kiel, Inst Anat, Kiel, Germany

[11] Univ Freiburg, Inst Anat & Cell Biol, Fac Med, Freiburg, Germany

[12] Univ Gottingen, Ctr Anat, Gottingen, Germany

[13] Univ Rostock, Med Ctr, Inst Anat, Rostock, Germany

[14] Univ Tubingen, Inst Clin Anat & Cell Anal, Tubingen, Germany

[15] Med Univ Vienna, Ctr Anat & Cell Biol, Vienna, Austria

[16] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Clin & Funct Anat, Dept Anat Histol & Embryol, Innsbruck, Austria

[17] Charite Univ Med Berlin, Inst Funct Anat, Berlin, Germany

[18] Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Anat & Expt Morphol, Hamburg, Germany

[19] Univ Hosp RWTH Aachen Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Aachen, Germany

[20] Univ Basel, Dept Biomed, Basel, Switzerland

[21] Justus Liebig Univ, Inst Anat & Cell Biol, Giessen, Germany

[22] Tech Univ Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Inst Anat, Dresden, Germany

[23] Univ Bonn, Inst Anat Anat & Cell Biol, Bonn, Germany

[24] Univ Leipzig, Inst Anat, Leipzig, Germany

[25] Hannover Med Sch, Funct & Appl Anat, Hannover, Germany

[26] Paracelsus Med Univ, Inst Anat & Cell Biol, Nurnberg, Germany

[27] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anat, Univ Med Ctr, Mainz, Germany

[28] Karl Landsteiner Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Biomech, Krems, Austria

[29] Saarland Univ, Inst Anat & Cell Biol, Homburg, Germany

[30] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Inst Anat, Fac Med, Chair Vegetat Anat, Munich, Germany

[31] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Vet Anat, Berlin, Germany

[32] Univ Lubeck, Inst Anat, Lubeck, Germany

[33] Univ Leipzig, Dept Orthoped & Trauma Surg, Leipzig, Germany

[34] Fraunhofer Inst Machine Tools & Forming Technol D, Div Biomechatron, Dresden, Germany

来源：

ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION | 2023年 / 16卷 / 05期

关键词：

body donor; cadaver; conservation; embalming; fixation; formaldehyde; human tissue; occupational exposure limit the value; COMPLETE CADAVERS; FORMALDEHYDE; PRESERVATION; DISSECTION; SUBSTITUTE; FORMALIN; NITRILE; SAFETY; LATEX;

D O I：

10.1002/ase.2285

中图分类号：

G40 [教育学];

学科分类号：

040101 ; 120403 ;

摘要：

Hands-on courses utilizing preserved human tissues for educational training offer an important pathway to acquire basic anatomical knowledge. Owing to the reevaluation of formaldehyde limits by the European Commission, a joint approach was chosen by the German-speaking anatomies in Europe (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) to find commonalities among embalming protocols and infrastructure. A survey comprising 537 items was circulated to all anatomies in German-speaking Europe. Clusters were established for "ethanol"-, formaldehyde-based ("FA"), and "other" embalming procedures, depending on the chemicals considered the most relevant for each protocol. The logistical framework, volumes of chemicals, and infrastructure were found to be highly diverse between the groups and protocols. Formaldehyde quantities deployed per annum were three-fold higher in the "FA" (223 L/a) compared to the "ethanol" (71.0 L/a) group, but not for "other" (97.8 L/a), though the volumes injected per body were similar. "FA" was strongly related to table-borne air ventilation and total fixative volumes <= 1000 L. "Ethanol" was strongly related to total fixative volumes >1000 L, ceiling- and floor-borne air ventilation, and explosion-proof facilities. Air ventilation was found to be installed symmetrically in the mortuary and dissection facilities. Certain predictors exist for the interplay between the embalming used in a given infrastructure and technical measures. The here-established cluster analysis may serve as decision supportive tool when considering altering embalming protocols or establishing joint protocols between institutions, following a best practice approach to cater toward best-suited tissue characteristics for educational purposes, while simultaneously addressing future demands on exposure limits.

引用

页码：814 / 829

页数：16

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