The effects of desiccation and salinity gradients on the PSII photochemical efficiency of an intertidal brown alga, Sargassum fusiforme from Kagoshima, Japan

The responses of photochemical efficiency to desiccation and salinity gradients in an intertidal edible brown macroalga, Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell (Sargassaceae, Fucales), were determined using a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)-chlorophyll fluorometer. The effective quantum yields (Delta F/F-m'; = phi(PSII)) of photosystem II (PSII) dropped to zero after 360-min aerial exposure under low irradiance (20 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1)) and 120-min exposure under high irradiance (700 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1)) for this species at 20 degrees C and 50% relative humidity. Under these conditions, Delta F/F-m' failed to recover to initial levels even after 1-day rehydration in seawater. In general, Delta F/F-m' decreased as desiccation reduced the absolute water content (AWC, %). Nevertheless, when AWC was above ca. 20%, Delta F/F-m' was mostly restored to initial levels after 1-day rehydration in seawater, suggesting strong tolerance to dehydration. Furthermore, S. fusiforme appeared to tolerate a broad range of salinity (i.e. 15-50 psu) during six days of culture; however, Delta F/F-m' declined when salinity was S. fusiforme an advantage that allows it to flourish in the intertidal habitat.