Graphene Synthesis from Organic Substrates: A Review

Graphene is a carbon-based two-dimensional lab-created substance that has a honeycomb structure. Due to its promise as a unique material in various domains, including electronics, sensors, water treatment, batteries, displays, and biological applications, graphene research has emerged as a new frontier in materials science. Its exceptional properties and extremely high tensile strength can be employed on various substrates including silicon, flexible, and organic materials. Although there have been significant improvements in the synthesis of graphene on the laboratory scale, it is essential to concentrate on sustainable large-scale graphene production on an industrial scale. Several top-down and bottom-up techniques have been discussed in this review to achieve economical graphene manufacturing. Top-down techniques have exhibited their promise to provide a more efficient way to produce product, but finding a cheap, scalable manufacturing method with optimum quality remains a challenge. This review highlights the processes used to make graphene and tries to identify the most appropriate strategies for future commercial applications.