Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risks in a Government-Intervened Electronic Waste Dismantling Area in South China

Efficient control of heavy metal pollution necessitates a comprehensive understanding of pollutant sources. In this study, we conducted a thorough investigation of 11 metals in the soil of an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling facility in South China. The sources of these metals were determined through a combination of statistical analysis and the UNMIX model. Despite government intervention, our findings reveal significant pollution of nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead in the study area. Primary contributors to heavy metal contamination in the soil were identified as demolition activities, transport emissions, and atmospheric deposition. Utilizing a source risk assessment model, we observed that children face higher noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks compared to adults. Remarkably, the total hazard index of the study area was found to be considerably lower than that of other e-waste dismantling cities. Moreover, the total carcinogenic risk was noted to be one order of magnitude lower than both other e-waste dismantling cities and industrial and mining cities.While acknowledging the government's commendable achievements in the standardized management of e-waste dismantling activities, our study underscores the need for targeted measures to further reduce pollution and safeguard the health of residents. These results emphasize the importance of ongoing efforts to enhance environmental protection strategies and underscore the significance of tailored interventions for sustainable pollution control in e-waste recycling facilities.