Exercise therapy for diabetes mellitus

Background: Exercise lowers blood glucose levels, improves insulin sensitivity, and helps prevent complications; therefore, it is highly effective for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, many patients with diabetes do not meet the recommendations for the amount of exercise. In this study, we focus on the latest recommendations and discuss exercise therapies that are helpful for patients with diabetes.Current Concepts: Many studies have shown that exercise helps to improve blood glucose control, physical strength, and cardiorespiratory capacity in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. Patients with diabetes are advised to perform both aerobic and resistance exercises. Aerobic exercise is suitable for most patients and can rapidly lower blood glucose levels. Resistance exercise improves muscle strength and endurance and is useful for long-term stabilization of blood glucose levels. Combined aerobic and resistance exercise improves insulin resistance and additionally controls blood glucose levels. Patients with diabetes are recommended moderate intensity exercise for at least 150 min/week, at least thrice a week, without interruption in exercise for >2 consecutive days.Discussion and Conclusion: Exercise is an essential recommended lifestyle intervention for patients with diabetes, and regular exercise is important. Furthermore, patients with diabetes should avoid low-energy activities and minimize sitting time.