Participation of load aggregator in grid frequency stabilization with consideration of renewable energy resources integration

Alterations in the proportion of conventional generation to that of renewable energy source could be a future challenge for electric energy networks. Conventional power plants are being replaced by wind and solar energy. Solar PV plants and wind turbines lower the system inertia constant, causing the grid frequency to shift. Renewable energy generation plants that are integrated into the energy system may cause problems with frequency stability if adequate frequency control techniques are not applied. In this study, a Load Frequency Control framework based on aggregators is developed to improve the frequency response of the power system. It was demonstrated that the aggregator is capable of forecasting available flexibility for the day ahead contributing to the frequency control process. The aggregator is contributing to the grid frequency stabilization considering the price signal for minimizing energy costs, with an effect on end user's energy bills reduction. For assessing the aggregator's flexibility availability, the aggregator calculates the contributed power after minimizing its energy costs. The results show that it is possible to use DR technology to stabilize the grid frequency. With the loss of generation of 50 MW, the aggregators contribute mainly for the morning event with a contribution of about 4 MW followed by the night event with the contribution of approximately 3.5 MW. The largest contribution was obtained between 06:00 and 8:00 for the examined area with three aggregators, and the smallest contribution was obtained between 22:00 and 24:00. By considering the whole power system, with the integrated renewable energy resources in different periods, the findings demonstrate that even though the frequency decreases, it quickly returns to the usual operating limit and stabilizes itself back to the normal operating limits of 50 Hz as a result of the aggregator participation in the process of grid frequency stabilization. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).