Sleep Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder in older children and adults and their association with comorbid conditions - experience from two centres and literature review

Sleep related rhythmic movement disorders (SRRMD) are highly prevalent among infants and children and tend to disappear into adolescence and adulthood. However, few reports have identified patients who had rhythmic movements at wake-sleep transition persisting into adulthood. This is a case series of SRRMD diagnosed on video-polysomnography from retrospective chart review of patients, who were 6 years or older, seen in Sleep Neurology clinics in two centres by the senior author, over a 10 years period. In addition, an updated review of all papers published on the topic, since year 2000 is being reported. A total of nine patients (2 females) with SRRMD were included in this series with age ranging between 9 and 62 years. Five patients had comorbid primary sleep disorders and four others had associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Association with other primary sleep disorders like sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome and relief with treatment of the latter, has been highlighted.