Non-partner Violence During Pregnancy and Utilisation of Reproductive Healthcare Services by Women in India: An Application of the Andersen-Newman Behavioural Model

Women's abuse is a global health problem that erodes their self-esteem and saps their energy. Research evidence for India mainly focusses on use of reproductive healthcare services by women based on their experience of intimate partner violence during pregnancy. We hypothesise that non-partner violence during pregnancy can be equally detrimental for women and their children's well-being. As this aspect remains unexplored, we investigate the relationship between physical non-partner violence (PNPV) faced by women during pregnancy in India and utilisation of three reproductive healthcare services by them, namely antenatal care, institutional delivery and postnatal checks. Using data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey and employing binary multivariable logistic regression models under the framework of the Andersen-Newman Behavioural Model of health services utilisation, we find that women who experience PNPV during pregnancy are significantly more likely to give birth in a medical facility but less likely to make use of postnatal care services. Thus, recognising the connection between violence during pregnancy and the utilisation of maternal health services can enable healthcare and other social support organisations to identify the unique needs of pregnant women experiencing abuse and help in reducing such violence from happening in the first place.