AI Fairness-From Machine Learning to Federated Learning

This article reviews the theory of fairness in AI-from machine learning to federated learning, where the constraints on precision AI fairness and perspective solutions are also discussed. For a reliable and quantitative evaluation of AI fairness, many associated concepts have been proposed, formulated and classified. However, the inexplicability of machine learning systems makes it almost impossible to include all necessary details in the modelling stage to ensure fairness. The privacy worries induce the data unfairness and hence, the biases in the datasets for evaluating AI fairness are unavoidable. The imbalance between algorithms' utility and humanization has further reinforced such worries. Even for federated learning systems, these constraints on precision AI fairness still exist. A perspective solution is to reconcile the federated learning processes and reduce biases and imbalances accordingly.