Policy and institution for environmental sustainability and agricultural emission in West Africa

Man's drive for innovation, transformation, and development has contributed in no small measure to environmental degradation; hence, there is a stringent and pertinent need for environmental sustainability. This study is on policy and institutions for environmental sustainability and agricultural emission in West Africa from 2010 to 2020. A panel data set for 14 countries was analyzed employing the random effect model. We found that significant policies and institutions on environmental sustainability did not reduce agricultural emissions. Similarly, government policies on the business regulatory environment and human resource building did not reduce emissions during the study period. However, social protection and resource allocation policies effectively reduced agricultural emissions. The study concludes that though there is evidence of heterogeneity across countries, social protection and resource allocation policies are most relevant to ensuring environmental sustainability. Therefore, as a mitigating strategy to reducing agricultural emission, the study recommends using some social protection policies in the form of subsidies, health assurance, social insurance, increased resource allocation on education and sensitization, and fabrication of efficient agricultural technologies.