Alterations in Fecal Microbiota Linked to Environment and Sex in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

被引:7
|
作者
Sun, Yue [1 ]
Yu, Yanze [2 ]
Guo, Jinhao [3 ]
Zhong, Linqiang [4 ]
Zhang, Minghai [3 ]
机构
[1] Guizhou Educ Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Guiyang 550018, Peoples R China
[2] Wildlife Inst Heilongjiang Prov, Harbin 150081, Peoples R China
[3] Northeast Forestry Univ, Coll Wildlife & Protected Area, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China
[4] Xinjiang Univ, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Urumqi 830046, Peoples R China
来源
ANIMALS | 2023年 / 13卷 / 05期
关键词
cervidae; KEGG; fecal microbiota; 16s rRNA; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; GUT MICROBIOTA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DIET; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY; HEALTH; SIZE; DNA;
D O I
10.3390/ani13050929
中图分类号
S8 [畜牧、 动物医学、狩猎、蚕、蜂];
学科分类号
0905 ;
摘要
Simple Summary The gut microbiota forms a complex microecosystem in vertebrates and is affected by various factors. Wild and captive red deer currently live in the same region but have vastly different diets. In this study, the 16S rRNA sequencing technology was performed to evaluate variations in the fecal microbiota of wild and captive individuals of both sexes of red deer. It was found that the composition and function of fecal microbiota in wild and captive environments were significantly different. As a key intrinsic factor, sex has a persistent impact on the formation and development of gut microbiota. Overall, this study reveals differences in the in the fecal microbiota of red deer based on environment and sex. These data could guide future applications of population management in red deer conservation. Gut microbiota play an important role in impacting the host's metabolism, immunity, speciation, and many other functions. How sex and environment affect the structure and function of fecal microbiota in red deer (Cervus elaphus) is still unclear, particularly with regard to the intake of different diets. In this study, non-invasive molecular sexing techniques were used to determine the sex of fecal samples from both wild and captive red deer during the overwintering period. Fecal microbiota composition and diversity analyses were performed using amplicons from the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform. Based on Picrust2 prediction software, potential function distribution information was evaluated by comparing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG). The results showed that the fecal microbiota of the wild deer (WF, n = 10; WM, n = 12) was significantly enriched in Firmicutes and decreased in Bacteroidetes, while the captive deer (CF, n = 8; CM, n = 3) had a significantly higher number of Bacteroidetes. The dominant species of fecal microbiota in the wild and captive red deer were similar at the genus level. The alpha diversity index shows significant difference in fecal microbiota diversity between the males and females in wild deer (p < 0.05). Beta diversity shows significant inter-group differences between wild and captive deer (p < 0.05) but no significant differences between female and male in wild or captive deer. The metabolism was the most important pathway at the first level of KEGG pathway analysis. In the secondary pathway of metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, energy metabolism, and the metabolism of other amino acids were significantly different. In summary, these compositional and functional variations in the fecal microbiota of red deer may be helpful for guiding conservation management and policy decision-making, providing important information for future applications of population management and conservation.
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页数:13
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