Coupled nonlinear drift and IAWs in streaming O-H plasma of upper ionosphere

Nonlinear structures formed by the coupled drift wave (DW) and ion acoustic waves (IAWs) are studied in a magnetized inhomogeneous collisionless bi-ion plasma with ions shear flow along the ambient magnetic field B = B(0)z . The electrons are assumed to follow double spectral index (r, q) distribution in which r shows the flat top nature, while q is responsible for the shape of the distribution at the tail. A nonlinear differential equation is derived, and its solutions in the form of double layers (DLs) and solitons are obtained in different limits. It is pointed out that the presence of (0.4%) protons in the oxygen plasma of ionosphere should not be ignored because acoustic speeds corresponding to oxygen and hydrogen ions have small ratio of about four and drift wave frequency may lie in the same range. It is found that only the rarefactive solitons can be formed by the nonlinear DW and IAWs in the inhomogeneous oxygen hydrogen (O-H) plasma. However, the theoretical model predicts that both compressive and rarefactive DLs may be formed. The linear instabilities of low-frequency electrostatic waves due to field-aligned shear flow of ions have also been investigated.