The relationship between etiology-fracture type and plate fixation-complications in zygomatic fractures: A retrospective analysis

Introduction: Zygoma fractures are common injuries due to their prominent nature and proper treatment is important to achieve functional and esthetic results. Anatomical reduction and plate fixation are crucial in the treatment of zygomatic fractures. However, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the surgical treatment results and outcomes of surgical treatment results. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the hospital registry system. Age, sex, concomitant diseases, smoking history, etiology, type of fracture, accompanying fractures, methods used for treatment, complications, length of hospital stay, and time from diagnosis to surgery were retrospectively recorded. SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the types of fractures seen in traffic accidents, falls, and assaults, which are the most common causes of etiology (P = 0.14). No statistically significant difference was observed between the number of plates used for fixation and the presence of complications (P = 0.90). However, the incidence of complications was significantly higher in patients with at least one fixed plate than in those without (P = 0.017). Conclusion: High-energy Types B and C injuries are more common in surgically treated zygoma cases. Based on our analyze, we believe that open anatomical reduction is most important step in treatment. Plate fixation should be preferred when it is necessary to maintain stability.