Efficient Elimination of Actinidia Chlorotic Ringspot-Associated Virus from Infected Kiwifruit Shoots Cultured In Vitro

In this study, methods of Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated virus (AcCRaV) elimination by shoot tip culture, thermotherapy followed by shoot tip culture, and chemotherapy followed by shoot tip culture were explored. The results showed that the AcCRaV elimination rate was 23.3% when the secondary shoot tip culture method was used and when the shoot tip length was less than 0.5 mm. The AcCRaV elimination rate was 100% when thermotherapy (36 degrees C [day] and 32 degrees C [night]) was applied for 20 days followed by shoot tip culture (shoot tip length less than 1.0 mm). When shoot segments were treated with ribavirin at 15 mu g/ml for 2 months followed by shoot tip culture, the elimination rate of AcCRaV was 100% (shoot tip length less than 1.0 mm). When shoot segments were treated with ribavirin at 25 mu g/ml for 2 months followed by shoot tip culture, the elimination rate of AcCRaV was 100% (shoot tip length less than 1.5 mm). This is the first report on kiwifruit virus elimination methods.