Parastomal hernia after radical cystectomy. Incidence, natural history and predictive factors - A single center study

Purpose: Parastomal hernia (PH) is one of the most frequent complications after stoma creation. Our objective was to analyze the incidence, evolution and predictive factors of PH in Bricker-type urinary diversion.Patients and methods: Case series analysis of 125 patients sub-mitted to radical cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion for cancer in a single center during 2006-2021. Patient's record and imaging tests were reviewed to identify those suffering PH. Moreno-Matias classification was used to define radiological PH (rPH). Demographic and preoperative characteristics of the patients, surgical details and postoperative complications were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the effect of each predictive variable on the development and progression of PH.Results: 21.6% of patients developed PH (median follow-up 37 months). Incidence increased with follow-up time (15.2% at 1 year, 20.8% at 2 years). BMI >= 25 (Exp beta 8.31, 95% CI 1.06-65.18, p = 0.04), previous midline laparotomy (Exp beta 6.74, 95% CI 1.14-39.66, p = 0.04) and wound infection (Exp beta 3.87, 95% CI 1.21-12.33, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with PH. Half of the patients with hernia had symptoms, 25.9% requiring surgical correction. 46% of type 1 hernias and 40% of type 2 hernias progressed to grade 3 with a median of 11 months. No variable was associated with radiological progression.Conclusions: This study proved 3 independent factors (over-weight, laparotomy and wound infection) that increase the risk of developing PH.