Land use determines Mediterranean ecosystems' multifunctionality more than plant richness or habitat composition

被引:3
|
作者
Lopezosa, Paula [1 ]
Soliveres, Santiago [1 ,2 ]
Serra, Lluis [3 ]
Constan-Nava, Soraya [1 ]
Berdugo, Miguel [4 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Alicante, Dept Ecol, Alicante, Spain
[2] Univ Alicante, Multidisciplinar Inst Environm Studies Ramon Marga, Alicante, Spain
[3] Conselleria Agr Desenvolupament Rural Emergencia C, Generalitat Valenciana, Alicante, Spain
[4] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Zurich, Switzerland
[5] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Biodivers Ecol & Evolut, Madrid, Spain
关键词
biodiversity; complementarity; conservation; ecosystem functioning; habitat sise; landscape diversity; multifunctional landscapes; USE INTENSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; FOREST; SCALE; HOMOGENIZATION; SCENARIOS; SERVICES; BIOMASS;
D O I
10.1111/1365-2664.14568
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Local and landscape diversity loss, habitat fragmentation and land-use changes commonly co-occur and impair ecosystem multifunctionality, yet they are often studied in isolation. Therefore, we ignore the relative importance of these drivers of ecosystem change or whether or not they interact to determine ecosystem functioning.We measured how changes in local (plant richness) and landscape (different land uses) diversity, land use (orchards, shrubland, pine, oak and mixed forests) and habitat sise, and their interactions, affected the functioning of Mediterranean ecosystems. At 49 plots, we measured 17 above- and below-ground functions, related to nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and biotic interactions. Additionally, we generated different combinations of plots to compose artificial landscapes where multifunctionality and biodiversity conservation can be maximised, in order to aid land managers to preserve or design functional and diverse areas.The relative importance of local and landscape attributes varied slightly depending on the target function, yet land use was by far the strongest predictor of most functions and multifunctionality above local plant biodiversity, habitat sise or landscape diversity. Oak and mixed forest were the most multifunctional land uses but were functionally wcomplemented by other land uses that maximised some individual functions.The relative proportion of each land use within optimal landscapes varied if the target was biodiversity conservation (with an even dominance of land uses), carbon stocks or multifunctionality (highly dominated by native oak and mixed forests).Synthesis and applications: Our results highlight the importance of remnant native forest to provide multiple ecosystem functions and the potential to restore them and complement these uses with sustainable agriculture. By merging landscape and ecosystem approaches we provide specific numbers regarding the proportion that each land use should have in order to maximise biodiversity conservation and/or functioning in these charismatic environments. La perdida de diversidad local y de paisaje, la fragmentacion del habitat y los cambios en el uso del suelo suelen ocurrir de forma simultanea, perjudicando la multifuncionalidad del ecosistema, sin embargo, suelen ser estudiados de forma aislada. Por lo tanto, ignoramos la importancia relativa de estos impulsores del cambio del ecosistema o si interactuan o no para determinar el funcionamiento del ecosistema.Medimos como los cambios en la diversidad local (riqueza de plantas) y de paisaje (diferentes usos del suelo), el uso del suelo (cultivos, matorrales, pinares, encinares y bosques mixtos) y el tamano del habitat, y sus interacciones, afectan al funcionamiento de los ecosistemas mediterraneos. En 49 parcelas, medimos 17 funciones, relacionadas con el ciclo de nutrientes, el secuestro de carbono y las interacciones bioticas. Adicionalmente, generamos diferentes combinaciones de parcelas para componer paisajes artificiales donde se maximizaba la multifuncionalidad y la conservacion de la biodiversidad, con el fin de proveer a las administraciones las areas a preservar con alta diversidad y funcionamiento.La importancia relativa de los atributos locales y del paisaje vario levemente dependiendo de la funcion estudiada, sin embargo, el uso del suelo fue, con mucha diferencia, el predictor mas importante en la mayoria de las funciones y la multifuncionalidad por encima de la biodiversidad vegetal local, el tamano del habitat o la diversidad del paisaje. El encinar y el bosque mixto fueron los usos desuelo mas multifuncionales, pero se complementaron con otros usos del suelo que maximizaron algunas funciones individualmente.La proporcion relativa de cada uso de suelo dentro de los paisajes optimos vario si el objetivo era la conservacion de la biodiversidad y las reservas de carbono (con proporciones similares) o la multifuncionalidad (altamente dominada por encinares nativos y bosques mixtos).Sintesis y aplicaciones: Nuestros resultados resaltan la importancia de los bosques nativos remanentes para proporcionar multiples funciones ecosistemicas y el potencial para restaurarlos y complementar estos usos con agricultura sostenible. Al combinar los enfoques de paisaje y ecosistema, proporcionamos numeros especificos con respecto a la proporcion que debe tener cada uso del suelo para maximizar la conservacion de la biodiversidad y/o el funcionamiento del ecosistema en estos entornos de gran valor ecologico. Our results highlight the importance of remnant native forest to provide multiple ecosystem functions and the potential to restore them and complement these uses with sustainable agriculture. By merging landscape and ecosystem approaches we provide specific numbers regarding the proportion that each land use should have in order to maximise biodiversity conservation and/or functioning in these charismatic environments.image
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收藏
页码:476 / 488
页数:13
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