A Comprehensive Review on Application of Lignocellulose Derived Nanomaterial in Heavy Metals Removal from Wastewater

In the present scenario, heavy metals in wastewater are among the most severe environmental problems. Wastewater treatments remain a critical issue to date despite advancements in technologies. Global transition for greener and sustainable materials focused on lignocellulosic derived nanomaterials for wastewater treatment and investigated as one of the suitable solutions in industrial scale for environmental remediation. This review provides detailed information about the production of lignocellulosic-based nanomaterial, their adsorption kinetics, applications of reactors, and membranes methods for large-scale remediation of heavy metals from wastewater. The nanosized lignin and cellulose show superior adsorption behavior for the adsorption of heavy metals. Nanocellulose based membranes and filters have been developed to decrease the concentration of heavy metals from wastewater. Several reactors such as batch, continuous, fixed bed, and fluidized bed have been studied to remove heavy metals based on the adsorption phenomenon. The different thermodynamic and kinetic models of lignocellulose-based nanomaterials in context with heavy metal removal have been summarized. The future perspective and challenges linked to lignocellulosic-based nanomaterials and their viability and commercialization have been highlighted in the present review. [GRAPHICS] .