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A wetland condition assessment to consider ecological relationships of a Maya cultural keystone species within the Lake Atitlan, Guatemala littoral zone
被引:1
|作者:
Garcia-Polo, Jorge
[1
,2
]
Diemont, Stewart A. W.
[1
]
Falkowski, Tomasz B.
[3
]
Leopold, Donald J.
[1
]
机构:
[1] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
[2] Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Estudios Atitlan, Solola, Guatemala
[3] New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Forestry, Las Vegas, NM USA
来源:
关键词:
Traditional ecological knowledge;
Tuleros;
Schoenoplectus californicus;
Typha domingensis;
Invasive non-native macrophytes;
Water level;
Conocimiento ecologico tradicional;
macrofitas exoticas invasoras;
nivel del agua;
TOTORA SCHOENOPLECTUS-CALIFORNICUS;
KNOWLEDGE;
MANAGEMENT;
ECOSYSTEM;
PLANT;
CYPERACEAE;
FIRE;
D O I:
10.1007/s13157-024-01793-9
中图分类号:
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号:
071012 ;
0713 ;
摘要:
Littoral wetland plant species such as Typha domingensis and Schoenoplectus californicus both locally called tul provide diverse ecosystem services (ES) in Lake Atitlan. These ES include removal of pollutants, oxygenation, and raw material for handicrafts. Human communities, most of whom are Indigenous Maya, actively steward littoral wetlands informed by their traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). Our goal was to assess the wetland condition in four Maya Tz'utujil communities (Santiago Atitlan, San Pedro, San Juan and San Pablo La Laguna, Guatemala), each with different management practices. We used a four-level wetland condition assessment: (1) littoral vegetation extent measured with remote Sentinel-2 and Google Earth photographs; (2) field plant surveys to measure vegetation structure and plant diversity; (3) wetland stressor assessment (stressors analyzed were land use, non-native macrophyte species [Hydrilla verticillata] and lake-level fluctuations); and (4) interviews with Maya Tz'utujil tuleros, fishers and artisans. Santiago stood out as having the highest cover and number of patches for all three species, reflecting its distinctive characteristics (e.g., lakeshore landforms and extent of wetlands) and the role of Indigenous wetland management. Of the four Maya communities, Santiago and San Juan had healthier wetlands despite being most affected by fluctuations in lake water level, reflecting the value of traditional management practices. Indigenous wetland management, informed by TEK, includes actions that sustain wetlands from stressors and global changes, including tul planting, harvesting, and extraction of non-native invasive macrophytes. Ecological value embedded in Indigenous resource management suggests the need to include these practices in governmental environmental management and policy. Las plantas de humedales litorales como Typha domingensis y Schoenoplectus californicus llamados localmente tul proveen diversos servicios ecosistemicos en el Lago Atitlan, incluyendo la remocion de contaminantes, oxigenacion y materiales para artesanias. Las comunidades humanas, en mayoria Indigenas del Pueblo Maya Tz'utujil, cuidan los humedales a partir del conocimiento ecologico tradicional (TEK, en Ingles). Nuestro fin fue evaluar la condicion del humedal en cuatro comunidades Maya Tz'utujil (Santiago Atitlan, San Pedro, San Juan y San Pablo La Laguna, Guatemala), cada una con diferentes practicas de manejo. Utilizamos una evaluacion de la condicion del humedal de cuatro niveles: (1) Extension de la vegetacion litoral medida con Sentinel-2 y Google Earth; (2) Medicion de estructura y diversidad de plantas; (3) Evaluacion de factores estresantes; y (4) entrevistas a tuleros, pescadores y artesanos. Santiago sobresalio como la comunidad con la mayor cobertura y numero de parches de las tres especies, reflejando la interconexion entre sus caracteristicas distintivas (e.g. morfologia y extension del litoral) y el rol del manejo indigena de los humedales. Entre las comunidades Maya, en Santiago y San Juan se mantienen mas activas las practicas tradicionales, mostraron humedales mas saludables a pesar de ser mas afectadas por la reduccion del nivel del agua. El manejo indigena de los humedales basado en el TEK incluye acciones que mantienen los tulares a pesar de los factores estresantes y del efecto del cambio global, incluyendo la siembra y corte de tul y la extraccion de macrofitas invasoras. El valor ecologico incorporado en el manejo Indigena de los recursos sugiere su inclusion en politicas publicas y la gestion ambiental gubernamental.
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