Deuterium permeation through liquid tin supported by a nickel substrate

A model of deuterium permeation through liquid (liq.) Sn supported by a nickel (Ni) substrate is proposed as follows; deuterium dissolves in liq. Sn according to the Sieverts' law and its concentration immediately becomes uniform through the liq. Sn layer due to large diffusivity of deuterium in liq. Sn. A thin intermediate Sn-Ni alloy layer is formed at an interface of liq. Sn and the Ni substrate in a transient of deuterium permeation. Deuterium concentration and diffusivity in the alloy layer would be lower than those in liq. Sn and pure Ni, resulting in lower deuterium permeability. Consequently, the intermediate Sn-Ni alloy layer could control total deuterium permeation through the liq. Sn supported by the Ni substrate.