A comprehensive review on structural attributes of biofilm inhibitors against potential targets

Bacterial infections are among the world's most significant public health problems due to their growing resistant to the majority of existing antibiotics and associated with increase in morbidity and mortality rates. The microorganisms cause infection in both community and nosocomial settings. Biofilms production is one of the resistance mechanisms employed by bacteria which also promote a variety of chronic diseases. The existing antibiotics for combating biofilm-associated illnesses are typically ineffective and seek for large dosages that might be hazardous to the host. As a result, there is necessity for research and creation of effective biofilm inhibiting tactics which might considerably lower the incidence of biofilm-related public health issues. Numerous attempts have been done over the past decade to find novel agents that may control the biological cycle of bacterial biofilms. Extensive research is required in order to find target-based promising chemicals as antibiofilm. The various anti-biofilm compounds that have been assessed to date, such as DGC inhibitors, QS inhibitors, lipopolysaccharide inhibitors, bacterial adhesion inhibitors, EPS generation inhibitors etc. In this article, several antibiofilm scaffolds like c-di-GMP nucleotide-based analogues, sulfonohydrazide, triazolo-quinazolinones, homoserine lactone, N-acyl-3-amino-5H-furanone, n-beta-keto ester etc. along with antimicrobial peptides have been discussed in detail to assess their potential as promising antibiofilm agents. In the present review we tried to investigate the structural aspects of various scaffolds with their structure activity relationship against validated targets that aids the researcher in design and development of potential antibiofilm compounds.